SS-31 10mg

🔬 SS-31 (Elamipretide) — Overview

SS-31, also known as elamipretide, is a synthetic mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide developed to selectively interact with cardiolipin, a phospholipid located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. SS-31 is designed to improve mitochondrial structure and function and is widely studied in research settings for its effects on cellular energy production, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial integrity.

📌 Brief Functional Description

• Mitochondrial protection: Stabilizes mitochondrial membranes and supports efficient electron transport.
• Oxidative stress modulation: Reduces excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at the mitochondrial level.
• Energy efficiency: Studied for improving ATP production by enhancing mitochondrial coupling.
• Research relevance: Used in studies of mitochondrial dysfunction, aging, cardiovascular disease, neuromuscular disorders, and metabolic health.

🧪 Chemical & Structural Information

🔢 CAS Number

• 736992-21-5

🧬 Molecular Formula

• C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅

⚖️ Molecular Weight

• ≈639.8 g/mol (Da)

🧬 Amino Acid Sequence & Structure

• SS-31 is a linear tetrapeptide with the sequence:
  D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂
  (Dmt = 2′,6′-dimethyl-L-tyrosine)
• The peptide contains alternating aromatic and basic residues, enabling selective targeting of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
• Its structure allows SS-31 to penetrate cells and accumulate in mitochondria independently of membrane potential.

General structural description:

4-amino-acid mitochondria-targeted peptide with aromatic and cationic residues 

🧠 Mechanism & Biological Context

• SS-31 binds to cardiolipin, stabilizing interactions between cardiolipin and proteins of the electron transport chain.
• This interaction reduces electron leak, lowers mitochondrial ROS production, and improves oxidative phosphorylation efficiency.
• Unlike antioxidants that scavenge free radicals directly, SS-31 works upstream, improving mitochondrial function to reduce ROS generation at the source.
• Its activity is mitochondria-specific rather than systemic or hormonal.

⚠️ Safety & Regulatory Notes

• Investigational compound: SS-31 has been evaluated in clinical trials for several conditions but is not broadly FDA-approved.
• Commonly supplied for research and investigational use.
• Long-term effects are still under evaluation depending on clinical context.

🧪 Quick Reference